According to the forging temperature, it can be divided into hot forging, warm forging and cold forging.
According to the forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, grinding ring and special forging.
1, free forging. It refers to the processing method of forging parts with simple universal tools, or directly applying external force to the blank between the upper and lower anvils of forging equipment, so that the blank can be deformed and the required geometric shape and internal quality can be obtained. The forging produced by free forging method is called free forging. Free forging is based on the production of small number of forgings, forging hammer, hydraulic press and other forging equipment to form the blank processing, obtain qualified forgings. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, cutting, bending, twisting, dislocation and forging. Free forging is all hot forging.
2, die forging. Die forging is divided into open die forging and closed die forging. The metal blank is deformed under pressure in the forging die chamber of a certain shape to obtain the forging. Die forging is generally used to produce small weight and large batch parts. Die forging can be divided into hot die forging, warm forging and cold forging. Warm forging and cold forging are the future development direction of die forging and represent the level of forging technology.
According to the material, die forging can also be divided into black metal die forging, non-ferrous metal die forging and powder products forming. As the name implies, is that the materials are carbon steel and other ferrous metals, copper and aluminum and other non-ferrous metals and powder metallurgy materials.
Extrusion should be attributed to die forging, can be divided into heavy metal extrusion and light metal extrusion.
Closed die forging and closed upsetting forging are two advanced techniques of die forging. Because there is no flying edge, the material utilization rate is high. It is possible to finish complex forgings with one or more steps. Because there is no flying edge, the forgings force area is reduced, the required load is reduced. However, it should be noted that the blank can not be completely limited, so it is necessary to strictly control the volume of the blank, control the relative position of the forging die and measure the forgings, and try to reduce the wear of the forging die.
3, grinding ring. Grinding ring refers to the production of ring parts of different diameters through special equipment grinding ring machine, also used to produce car wheel hub, train wheels and other wheel parts.
4, special forging. Special forging includes roll forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, liquid die forging and other forging methods, which are more suitable for the production of some special shape parts. For example, roll forging can be used as an effective preforming process to greatly reduce the subsequent forming pressure; Cross wedge rolling can produce steel balls, drive shafts and other parts; Radial forging can produce large gun barrel, step shaft and other forgings.
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